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Mangroves & Wetland Restoration
Mangrove Valuation & Economics
Community-based Coastal Resource Management
Climate Change and Sea Level Rise
Feller, I.C., and M. Sitnik (eds.). 1996. Mangrove Ecology: A Manual for a Field Course. Smithsonian Institution.
(pdf, 145p, 1.47MB)
Gopal, B., and M. Chauhan. 2006. Biodiversity and its conservation in the Sundarban Mangrove Ecosystem. Aquat. Sci. 68(3):338-354.
(pdf, 17p, 542KB)
Les marais à mangroves: une introduction. 2005. IDEE Casamance.
(pdf, 19p, 542MB)
Melana, D.M. , Atchue, J. III, Yao, C.E., Edwards, R., Melana, E.E. and H.I. Gonzales. 2000. Mangrove Management Handbook. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Manila, Philippines through the Coastal Resource Management Project, Cebu City, Philippines. 96 p.
(pdf, 118p, 3MB)
The Mangrove and Life Within
Animated illustration of the life processes within the mangrove ecosystem.
(html) Flash plug-in required
Mangrove and Wetland Restoration
An Introduction and User’s Guide to Wetland Restoration, Creation, and Enhancement. 2003. A Guide for the Public Containing: Background on wetlands and Restoration; Information on Project Planning, Implementation, and Monitoring; List of Resources, Contacts, and Funding Sources. NOAA, EPA, Army Corps of Engineers, USFWS, and NRCS.
(pdf, 9.1MB)
(pdf, 646 KB, no photos)
Check, E. 2005. Roots of Recovery. Nature 438:910-911.
(pdf, 2p, 597 KB)
Cunningham, S. 1998. A Raindrop Cleans the Wetlands. Changemakers Journal, Oct/98.
On the Yadfon Association’s efforts to restore mangrove forests in Thailand.
(html)
Global Nature Fund. 2007. Mangrove Rehabilitation Guidebook. Post Tsunami Restoration of Mangroves, Education & Reestablishment of Livelihoods in Sri Lanka.
(html)
Lewis, R.R. III. 2005. Ecological engineering for successful management and restoration of mangrove forests. Ecol. Eng. 24(4 SI): 403-418.
(pdf, 16p, 555KB)
Lewis, RR., and R.G. Gilmore. 2007. Important considerations to achieve successful mangrove forest restoration with optimum fish habitat. Bulletin of Marine Science 80(3): 823–837.
(pdf, 16p, 406KB)
MAP-Indonesia. 2006. 5 Steps to Successful Ecological Restoration of Mangroves. Mangrove Action Project-Indonesia. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
(pdf, 64p, 7MB) downloadable in sections
Pilz, D., Ballard, H. L., and E.T. Jones. 2006. Broadening participation in biological monitoring: handbook for scientists and managers. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-680. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 131 p.
Written for managers and scientists in the United States who are contemplating a participatory approach to monitoring biological resources, especially biodiversity. It is designed as a how-to manual with discussions of relevant topics, checklists of important considerations to address, and resources for further information.
(pdf 1.18 MB)
Stevenson, N. J., Lewis, R.R. and P. R. Burbridge. 1999. Disused shrimp ponds and mangrove rehabilitation. Pages 277-297 In: An International Perspective on Wetland Rehabilitation, W. J. Streever (Ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. 338 pp.
(pdf, 21p, 1.85MB)
Mangrove Valuation and Economics
Badola, R., and S.A. Hussain. 2005. Valuing ecosystem functions: an empirical study on the storm protection function of Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem, India. Environmental Conservation 32 (1): 85–92.
(pdf, 8p, 164KB)
Barbier, Edward B., and Geoffrey M. Heal. 2006. Valuing Ecosystem Services. The Economists' Voice Vol. 3(3), Article 2.
(pdf, 6p,139KB) guest registration necessary
Chong, J. (2005) Protective values of mangrove and coral ecosystems: A review of methods and evidence. IUCN. 7 January 2005.
(pdf, 5p, 208MB)
Christensen, B. 1983. Mangroves: what are they worth? Unasylva 139:2-15.
(html)
Corals and Mangroves in the Front Line. 2006. Economic Case for Conservation of Corals and Mangroves Made in New UN Environment Report.
(pdf, 36p, 1.1MB)
De Groot, R.S., Stuip, M.A.M., Finlayson, C.M. and Davidson, N. 2006. Valuing wetlands: guidance for valuing the benefits derived from wetland ecosystem services. Ramsar Technical Report No. 3/CBD Technical Series No. 27. Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Gland, Switzerland & Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada.
(pdf, 54p, 1.6MB)
Ranasinghe, R. and M. Kallesoe. 2006. Valuation, Rehabilitation and
Conservation of Mangroves in Tsunami Affected Areas of Hambantota, Sri Lanka.
IUCN. 36p.
(pdf, 917MB, 36p)
Sathirathai, S. and E. Barbier. 2001. Valuing Mangrove Conservation in Southern Thailand. Contemporary Economic Policy, Vol 19(2):109-122.
(pdf, 14p, 116MB)
UNEP-WCMC. 2006. In the Front Line: Shoreline Protection and other Ecosystem Services from Mangroves and Coral Reefs. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. 33 pp.
(pdf, 36p, 1MGB)
MAP. 2005. Mangrove Valuation Brochure. Mangrove Action Project. Port Angeles, Wash., USA.
(pdf, 2p, 1MB)
The Downside of Shrimp Farming in Southeast Asia. 2005. Panoramica Acuicola.
(html)
Mangrove Mapping & GIS
Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Van Hiel, E., Chan, J.C.-W. , Jayatissa, L.P. and N. Koedam, 2005. Qualitative distinction of congeneric and introgressive mangrove species in mixed patchy forest assemblages using high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery (IKONOS). Systematics and Biodiversity 2(2): 113-119.
(pdf, 7p, 208KB)
Fisheries Issues
Faunce C.H. and J.E. Serafy. 2006. Mangroves as fish habitat: 50 years of field studies. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 318:1–18.
(pdf, 18p, 753 KB)
International Legal Instruments Relevant to Fisheries and Fishing Communities.
A handbook published in 2006 covers 114 legal instruments, categorized into the following 7 themes: Human Rights, Food Security, Women and Development; Environment and Sustainable Development; Oceans and Fisheries Management; Environmental Pollution; Fishing Vessels and Safety at Sea; Labor; and Trade.
The companion CD-ROM provides the full texts of the instruments in a searchable database. The handbook will be useful for fishworker and NGOs, and also for researchers and others interested in fisheries issues.
(html)
Lewis, RR., and R.G. Gilmore. 2007. Important considerations to achieve successful mangrove forest restoration with optimum fish habitat. Bulletin of Marine Science 80(3): 823–837.
(pdf, 16p, 406KB)
Manson, F. J., Loneragan, N.R., Skilleter, G.A. and S.R. Phinn. 2005. An evaluation of the evidence for linkages between mangroves and fisheries: A synthesis of the literature and identification of research directions. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, Vol. 43: 485-515.
(pdf, 32p, 1.4MB)
Mumby P.J., Edwards A.J., Arias-González J.E., Lindeman K.C., Blackwell P.G., Gall A., Gorczynska M.I., Harborne A.R., Pescod C.L., Renken H., Wabnitz C.C. and G. Llewellyn. 2004. Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427(6974): 533-6.
(pdf, 4p, 442KB)
Livelihoods
Garland, L. 2003. Vertical soak diffusion for bamboo preservation. Environmental Bamboo Foundation. Bali, Indonesia.
(pdf, 15p, 1.1MB)
IIRR, FAO, NAVA and ICLARM. 2001. Utilizing Different Aquatic Resources for Livelihoods in Asia: A Resource Book. 416p.
A compilation of proven experiences from Asia which are totally field-derived. Result of the participatory workshop process conducted on 18-28 September 2000 at the IIRR center in Cavite, Philippines.
(html)
Ireland, C., Malleret, D. and L. Baker. 2004. Alternative sustainable livelihoods for coastal communities. A review of experience and guide to best practice. IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. i - viii + 48 pp.
(pdf, 75p, 1MB )
MAP-Indonesia. Bamboo Furniture Hand-crafted in Tiwoho Village. A marketing tool for community bamboo artisans in Sulawesi. Mangrove Action Project-Indonesia.
(pdf, 2p, 650KB)
MAP-Indonesia. 2006. Cooking with Mangroves. 36 Indonesian recipes using mangrove products as ingredients. Mangrove Action Project-Indonesia.
(pdf, 45p, 4MB)
Rahnema, Majid. Eradicating “Poverty” or the Poor?
(doc, 8p, 54KB)
Rezaul Haq, A. H. M., Ghosal, T.K. and P. Ghosh. 2004. Cultivating wetlands in Bangladesh. LEISA Magazine, Dec/2004:18-20.
(html)
Community-based Coastal Resource Management
Kaewmahanin, J., Sukwong, S. and R.J. Fisher. 2005. Pred Nai Community Forest, Trad Province, Thailand. Case Study 1 in R.J. Fisher, S. Maginnis, W.J. Jackson, E. Barrow and S. Jeaanrenaud, Poverty and Conservation: Landscapes, People and Power. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN The World Conservation Union.
(html)
Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Handbook for Community Workers and Coastal Resource Managers; Training Guide
Lecture Aids; Mangrove Management Handbook
(pdfs)
Quarto, A. 2003. Local Thai Communities Rescue the Sea and Themselves by Protecting Mangroves. National Wetlands Newsletter, Vol. 25 (1):5.
(pdf, 4p, 458 KB)
Charnsnoh, P. Yadfon Association’s Experience in Conservation of Coastal Wetland Ecosystems Through Promotion of Community Based Management in Trang Province, Thailand. Yadfon (Raindrop) Association, Thailand.
(doc, 6p, 63KB)
Shrimp Aquaculture
Ahmed, F. 1997. In Defense of Land and Livelihood, Community Resistance to the Shrimp Industry in Asia. CUSO, Inter Pares, Sierra Club of Canada, and the Consumers’ Association of Penang.
(pdf, 38p, 1.14MB)
Barnhizer, D. 2001. The Trade, Environment and Human Rights: The Paradigm Case of Industrial Aquaculture and the Exploitation of Traditional Communities. Ashgate Publishing Company.
(html)
Center for Food Safety. 2005. The Catch with Seafood. Human Health Impacts of Drugs & Chemicals Used by the Aquaculture Industry. Washington, D.C.
(pdf, 44p, 4MB)
Certificando la Destrucción – Análisis integral de la certificación orgánica a la acuacultura industrial de camarón en Ecuador (Certifying Destruction – Integral analysis of organic certification of industrial shrimp aquaculture in Ecuador)
(html)
Declaration of concern on shrimp aquaculture certification. 2006.
Representatives of community-based organizations and NGOs from the tropical coastal zone of America, Asia, and Africa and other NGO's participating in the "Shrimp Farming Certification Meeting," Bangkok, Thailand. September 2006.
(pdf, 2p, 111 MB)
Dickhoff, W.W., Collier, T.K., and U. Varanasi. 2007. The seafood dilemma - a way forward. Fisheries 32(5): 244-246. (May 2007)
(pdf, 3p, 414MB)
EJF. 2003. Smash and Grab. Conflict, corruption and human rights abuses in the shrimp farming industry. Environmental Justice Foundation, London, UK.
(pdf, 36p, 2.4MB)
EJF. 2004. Farming The Sea, Costing The Earth: Why We Must Green The Blue Revolution. Environmental Justice Foundation, London, UK.
(pdf, 80p, 4.12MB)
FAO/NACA/UNEP/WB/WWF. 2006. International Principles for Responsible
Shrimp Farming. Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA).
Bangkok, Thailand. 20 pp.
(pdf, 26p, 1.4MB)
Food & Water Watch reports on farmed shrimp. 2004-2006 Chemical Cocktail; Shell Game; Shrimp’s Passport; Shrimp Stockpile; Fishy Currency; Suspicious Shrimp; Import Alert.
(html)
Graslund S., Holmstrom K. and A. Wahlstrom. 2003. A field survey of chemicals and biological products used in shrimp farming. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(1): 81-90.
(pdf, 10p, 126MB)
Lampung Declaration Against Industrial Shrimp Aquaculture. Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia, 6 September 2007.
(html)
Lebel, L. Nguyen, H. T., Saengnoree, A., Pasong, S., Buatama, U. and Le Kim Thoa. 2002. Industrial Transformation and Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand and Vietnam: Pathways to Ecological, Social, and Economic Sustainability? Ambio 31(4).
(pdf, 13p, 311KB)
Letter of Fortaleza. 2006.
Declaration by Brazilian fisherfolk representatives at seminar 'Mangroves and Community Life: the socio-environmental impacts of shrimp farming,' Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, August 2006.
(pdf, 4p, 118 KB)
Lewis, R.R. III, Phillips, M.J., Clough, B. and D.J. Macintosh. 2003. Thematic Review on Coastal Wetland Habitats and Shrimp Aquaculture. Report prepared under the World Bank, NACA, WWF and FAO Consortium Program on Shrimp Farming and the Environment. Work in Progress for Public Discussion. Published by the Consortium. 81 p.
(pdf, 7p, 630kb)
Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, R.J., Primavera, J.H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M.C.M., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubchenco, J., Mooney, H. and M. Troel. 2000. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature 405: 1017-1024
(html)
Primavera, J.H. 2006. Overcoming the impacts of aquaculture on the coastal zone. Ocean & Coastal Management Vol. 49(9-10): 531-545.
(pdf, 15p, 407KB)
Quarto, A. 1998. The Rise and Fall of the Blue Revolution. SWARA, magazine of the East Africa Wildlife Society, Oct-Dec 1998, pp.16-21.
(html)
Quarto, A., Cissna, K. and J. Taylor. 1996. Choosing the Road to Sustainability: the Impacts of Shrimp Aquaculture and the Models for Change. Submitted for the International Live Aquatics '96 Conference, Seattle, Washington. October 13-15, 1996.
(pdf, 16p, 71KB)
Redmanglar Statement on Certification. 2003. Bahia de Caraquez, Ecuador, 5 November 2003.
On plans to expand the shrimp farming industry in the countries where Redmanglar works.
(pdf, 2p, 47KB)
Rönnbäck, Patrik. 2002. Environmentally Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture. Prepared for the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation. March 2002.
(pdf, 25 p, 312.3 KB)
Rönnbäck, Patrik. 2001. Shrimp Aquaculture: State of the Art. Swedish EIA Centre, Report 1. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
(pdf, 58p, 282 KB)
Rome Declaration on Shrimp Farming. 2007. 27th Session of the Committee on Fisheries of UN Food and Agriculture Organization (COFI-FAO), Rome, Italy. March 2007.
(pdf, 2p, 308 MB)
Sano, A. 2000. Social actors in the global market: socio-economic impacts of shrimp aquaculture in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Working Paper 316, Institute of Social Studies.
(pdf, 27p, 407 KB)
Schaeffer-Novelli, Y., Cintrón-Molero, G. and C. Coelho Jr. 2006. Managing shorebird flyways: shrimp aquaculture, shorebird populations and flyway integrity. Pages 812-816 In: Waterbirds around the world. (Eds.) G.C. Boere, C.A. Galbraith & D.A. Stroud. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, UK. pp. 812-816.
(pdf, 7p, 735MB)
Meireles, J. 2006. Shrimp farming: socio-environmental disaster in Northeast Brazilian mangrove ecosystems. Forum in Defense of the Coastal Zone of Ceara (FDZCC), Brazil, November 2006.
(pdf, 3p, 22 KB)
Statement of Fortaleza. 2004.
Issued by delegates attending II General Assembly of Redmanglar Internacional. Fortaleza, Brazil. September 2004.
(pdf, 2p, 21KB)
Varela, J. 2001 The Human Rights Consequences of Inequitable Trade and Development Expansion: The Abuse of Law and Community Rights in the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras. In: D. Barnhizer (ed.) Effective Strategies for Protecting Human Rights: Prevention and intervention, trade and education. Ashgate, Dartmouth, 155 p.
(html)
Wolowicz, K. 2005. The Fishprint of Aquaculture: Can the Blue Revolution Be Sustainable? Redefining Progress.
(pdf, 21p, 434kb)
Mangroves and Oil
Hoff, R. (ed.) 2002. Oil Spills in Mangrove. Planning and Response Considerations.
(pdf, 72p, 3.4MB)
Earth Island Journal, Vol. 15(2).
(html)
Shell’s Shell in Ogoniland: Killing the Environment and Impoverishing the People. 2004. Niger Delta Project for Environment, Human Rights and Development (NDPEHRD).
(doc, 8p, 952KB)
Education
Cherry, Lynne. 2004. The Sea, The Storm and the Mangrove Tangle. Farrar Straus
Giroux. New York.
(html)
Kapica, Dan. 2007. Mangrove Seed Chronicles: Learning To
Trust. Mangrove Seed Expressions. (Illustrated by Laurie Barrows)
(html)
MAP-Indonesia. 2004. Do Your Own Mangrove Action Project. An action research problem solving curriculum for coastal communities. Mangrove Action Project - Indonesia. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
(pdf, 42p, 2.7MB)
Mangrove Coloring Book. Printable B&W handouts used with permission by JICA.
(pdf, 8p, 2.2MB)
Wood, D.S. and D.W. Wood. 1990. How to plan a conservation education program. WRI and USFWS. 46p.
English (pdf, 48p, 900KB)
Spanish (pdf, 47p, 800KB)
Portuguese (pdf, 53p, 1.36MB)
Tourism
Responsible Ecological Social Tours Project (REST). Community-based Tourism Handbook.
(html)
Tourism Concern. 2005. Post-tsunami reconstruction and tourism: a second disaster?
(pdf, 37p, 34KB)
Tsunamis and Hurricanes
Coastal protection in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami: What role for forests and trees? Proceedings of an FAO Regional Technical Workshop, Khao Lak, Thailand, 28-31 August 2006. FAO, Bangkok.
(html)
Danielsen, F., Sorensen, M.K., Olwig, M.F., Selvam, V., Parish, F., Burgess, N.D., Hiralshi, T., Karunagaran, V.M., Rasmussen, M.S., Hansen, L.B., Quarto, A. & N. Suryadiputra. 2005. The Asian tsunami: a protective role for coastal vegetation. Science 310, 643.
(pdf, 1p, 114MB)
EJF. 2006. Mangroves: Nature's Defence Against Tsunamis. A report on the impact of mangrove loss and shrimp farm development on coastal defences. Environmental Justice Foundation, Lonkon, UK.
(pdf, 32p, 7.1MB)
Lewis, R.R. 2005. Mangroves, hurricanes and tsunamis. All About Wetlands 1(3): 3-5+10.
(pdf, 5p, 1MB)
Stone, R. 2006. The day the land tipped over. Science 314: 406-409.
(pdf, 4p, 884KB)
Tourism Concern. 2005. Post-tsunami reconstruction and tourism: a second disaster?
(pdf, 37p, 34KB)
Wolanski, E., 2007. Synthesis of the protective functions of coastal forests and trees against natural hazards. In: Coastal protection in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami: What role for forests and trees? Proceedings of an FAO Regional Technical Workshop, Khao Lak, Thailand, 28-31 August 2006. FAO, Bangkok.
(pdf, 24p, 1MB)
Climate Change & Sea Level Rise
Gilman, E. (ed.) 2006. Proceedings of the Symposium on Mangrove Responses to Relative Sea-Level Rise and Other Climate Change Effects, 13 July 2006. Catchments to Coast. The Society of Wetland Scientists 27th International Conference, 9-14 July 2006, Cairns Convention Centre, Cairns, Australia. Published by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Honolulu, USA.
(pdf, 85p, 2.24MB)
Gilman, E.H., Ellison, J., and Coleman, R. 2007. Assessment of Mangrove Response to Projected Relative Sea-Level Rise and Recent Historical Reconstruction of Shoreline Position. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 124 (1-3): 105-130.
(pdf, 26p, 1.5MB)
Gilman, E.H., Ellison, J., Jungblut, V., Van Lavieren, H., Wilson, L., Areki, F., Brighouse, G., Bungitak, J., Dus, E., Henry, M., Kilman, M., Matthews, E., Sauni, I. Jr., Teariki-Ruatu, N., Tukia, S., and K. Yuknavage. 2006. Adapting to Pacific Island mangrove responses to sea level rise and climate change. Climate Research, 32(3): 161-176.
(pdf, 16p, 700KB)
Gilman, E., Van Lavieren, H., Ellison, J., Jungblut, V., Wilson, L., Areki, F., Brighouse, G., Bungitak, J., Dus, E., Henry, M., Sauni, I. Jr., Kilman, M., Matthews, E., Teariki-Ruatu, N., Tukia, S. and K. Yuknavage. 2006. Pacific Island Mangroves in a Changing Climate and Rising Sea. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 179. United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Seas Programme, Nairobi, KENYA.
(pdf, 70p, 2.5KB)
McLeod, E. and R.V. Salm. 2006. Managing Mangroves for Resilience to Climate Change. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 64p.
(pdf, 66p, 1.8 MB)
Ong, J. E. 2002. The Hidden Costs of Mangrove Services: Use of Mangroves for Shrimp Aquaculture. International Science Roundtable for the Media – 4 June 2002. Bali, Indonesia. Joint event of ICSU, IGBP, IHDP, WCRP, DIVERSITAS, START.
(pdf, 3p, 19KB)
Ong J. E. 1993. Mangroves – A Carbon Source and Sink. Chemosphere 27(6): 1097-1107.
(pdf, 11p, 406MB)
Snedaker, S. C. 1993. Impact on mangroves. Pages 282-305, In: G.A. Maul (ed.) Climatic Change in the Intra-Americas Sea, Edward Arnold, Hodder and Sloughton Publishers, Kent, UK, 389 p.
(pdf, 28p, 1.3MB)
