MAP's Holistic Approach to Mangrove Restoration

• based on ecological mangrove principles;
• involving local stakeholders in planning, implementation, and monitoring;
• working with (not against) nature by encouraging natural regeneration; and
• planting mangroves only for very specified reasons where natural propagules are not available.
  
  

MAP's Ecological Mangrove Restoration (EMR) Method

An effective, long-term solution to degraded mangrove forests worldwide.

6 Steps to Successful EMR

Protective Greenbelts

Since the December 2004 tsunami there has been a mounting call for re-establishing protective greenbelts along coastlines. Although the jury is still out on the extent to which mangroves mediate tsunami damage, mangrove forests are proven effective barriers against tropical storms and strong wave action.

How effective mangroves are depends on a number of factors, such as:

• density, width, height, and complexity of the mangrove forest;
• bathymetry of the coastline; and
• other oceanographic factors.

Why do so many mangrove restoration projects fail?

Much of the post-tsunami effort to restore coastal greenbelts involved simple planting of mangrove seedlings and propagules.

There have been numerous failures, already, due to planting of inappropriate species, and in inappropriate locations.

Failure occurs, in general, due to a lack of understanding of the restoration site itself:

• What was its history?
• What mangrove species grew there?
• Where did they grow?
• What were their hydrological requirements?
• How deep was the substrate in which they grew?
• What were the fresh water inputs to the area?
• Where did exchange of tidal and sea water take place?

Contrary to popular belief, mangroves require some freshwater to grow well, and they are submerged only around 33% of the time.

Planting mangroves along an exposed coastline, in too-deep water without fresh water input, is a recipe for failure.

Much money was spent after the tsunami in developing mangrove seedling nurseries, while little money or time was put into determining the site-specific needs of mangroves at each restoration location.

The resulting failure of many restoration projects is discouraging to all parties involved, not least the local communities which need positive encouragement to restore and protect mangroves, rather than discouragement over project failure.